malpas



No. 612,779. Patented Oct. I8, |898.

C. MAL Decd.

M. G. MALPA minstraior.

KILN 0R OVEN. (Application filed July 20, 1898.) (No Mode|.) F1g.l. v 3 shets-sheet l.

Q Q.. H h e @g N Patented Oct. I8, |898. C. MALPAS, Decd. M. ALPAS,Adminisiratur.

N 0R OVEN.

(Apphcatxon led July 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

TME NORR* PETERS CO PHOYOL TND WASHINGTON D C m awww w Fig. r..

(No Model.)

IINrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARK GLOVER MALPAS, OF TUNSTAIJL, ENGLAND, ADMINISTRATOR OF CHARLES MALPAS, DECEASED.

KILN 0R OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 612,779, dated October 18, 1898.

Application filed July 20, 1898. Serial No. 686,391. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.'

Be it known that CHARLES MALPAS, deceased, late a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Clanway, Tunstall, in the county of Stafford, England, did during his lifetime invent certain new and useif ul Improvements in Kilns or Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to kilns or ovens for firing potters ware, bricks, tiles, and such like ceramic articles and for calcining various substances and has distinct reference to that class of kilns known as continuous-tiring77 kilns. These continuousring kilns generally consist of a number of small kilns or ovens arranged ina series and so as to be in communication one with the other and to be progressively ired, cooled, and made ready for firing and operated by a moving or travcling nre. Such a system of kilns or ovens is set forth in the specification of English Patent No. 1,064 of 1875, which was granted to one Charles Malpas. It is in the arrangement and construction of such kilns wherein this invention resides; and the same has for its objects, primarily, a better utilization of the whole of the fire products and a more uniform heat throughout the entire ovens surfaces, while, secondarily, the provision of supplementary ovens arranged upon the top of the ovens proper for the purpose of being used for hardening on, the said supplementaryovens being so arranged as to be capable of being heated or fired by the products from the fire as they leave the ovens proper to pass to the neXt oven in turn.

By the aid of the accompanying sheets of drawings and the reference letters and iigures thereon the invention will be clearly understood.

In the said sheets a diagrammatic plan of a series or block of kilns arranged according to this invention is shown in Figure 1, the said series or block taking the form of two opposite rows of twelve ovens or kilns, each of which is in communication with a common chimney-flue and with those ovens or kilns next or adjacent to it.A The said kilns or ovens in this view are all of a likeness in construction, and each is fired in its turn by a traveling lire. In this view the kilns are marked l 2 3,and so 0n,and b represents a chimney-{iue which is arranged between the rows and which is in communication with each oven. Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section taken through ovens Nos. 1 and 2 and a portion of No. 3; and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of ovens Nos. l, 2, and 24 and portions of 3, 22, and 23, (the last two in diagram only,) taken upon the dotted line A, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section upon the dotted line B, Fig. 2, of the oven No. 1, looking upward, while Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sections, looking upward, upon the dotted lines C D, respectively, of oven No. 1 and its supplementary hardening-on chamber. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of Fig. 2 upon the dotted line E.

The traveling fire q, which is shown in Fig. 2 under the kiln No. 1, travels upon rails in the ordinary way and is brought under each kiln or oven progressively, a turn-table being provided upon each corner of the series or block of kilns for the purpose of shunting the said fire or altering its course as it proceeds down the rows.

With reference to the aforesaid drawings each kiln or oven is formed of a fire-brick hollow structure a, having in its side a suitable opening to admit of the putting in and pulling out of the saggars, and a main firingue a2 is centrally and vertically disposed through its base a3, the latter being elevated or built up from the ground to allow of the Working of the traveling ire q. The actual floor a4 of each oven is elevated above its main firing-flue, so as to form a shallow chamber a5 of an equal diameter to the inside of the oven between it and the said iiue, and this chamber is built with a number of channels or passages a6, (preferably radially disposed,) which communicate from the main tiring-nue a2 to inlet-passages a7, formed with in and around the lower portions of the inner walls of the oven-"s interior and floor. The passages a7 and channels a6 are clearly shown in kiln No. 2, Fig. 2, and in Fig. 7, the direc tion the products from the iiring-ue take therein being indicated by arrows. The in let-passages a7 are preferably inclined, as at as, in order to lead the products from the fire and from the main firing-flue somewhat to IOO the center of the kiln. A central opening CL9 is formed in the actual iioor CL4 of the kiln, through which a portion of the products from the fire passes, and this admits of a central and direct playing of the re upon the saggars, as well as a circuitous one from the kiln sides.

The crown or ceiling c of the hollow structure CL is formed with a central outlet-opening c2 and a number of outlet-passages c3 Within it, which lead to acombination of horizontally-disposed ring-fines c4, built within the top of the kiln CL, and to a hardeningon chamber m, which latter may or may not be used with the kiln CL. The ring-fines c4 lead from the outlet vopening and passages of the kiln CL to a circular iiue c5, common to all parts of the ring-fines, and from out of this a number of vertical passages c6 lead, the said passages being formed within the walls of the kiln a, so as to run the full length of the same and lead into an under flue c7. These vertical passages c6 may be of any number and size; but six only of them are shown in the drawings, and these are disposed in the walls of the kiln CL intermediate between the inletpassages CLT, before described. The und er iiue c7 is shown as a number of scroll passages, into which at points lead the whole of the vertical passages c6, and this under iiue communicates both to the chimney-line b and to the radial passages or channels CL of the kiln next in order for firing-wiz., No. 2 kiln; but dampers d d2 are fitted within the respective passages leading from the under flue cT to the parts named in order that the products from the lire may be either passed direct into the chimney-flue or into the radial passages a7 at the will of the attendant.

Intervening between the under flue c7 and the radial passages CLG is an inner circular or scroll flue a8, horizontally disposed and built inside the passages of each under iue, and this radially disperses the products from the iiue c7 to the passages CL6 and the central opening a9, so that they pass into the kiln No. 2 upward and in the same way as the products pass direct from the fire in kiln No. l. Openings c9 are formed in the top of the base a3 and adjacent to the scroll flue cS to establish communication between the latter and the parts a6 and a9.

It is to be observed that in their play upon the saggars the .flames or products from the fire have always an upward tendency, as well as passing, as it were, twice through each cooling or to close the said chamber to the atmosphere, but to open it to the kiln CL at such time as only pure hot air or combustion is within it. Dampers 9L n2 control the outlets of the vertical liues m2, and if necessary other dampers 'n3 may be iitted to thelower portions of the said lues, where they lead from the circular iiue c5, so that the hardening-on chainber can be shut off entirely from the products playing through the kiln CL and its ilues and, passages.

In working, the products from the lire q pass upward into the kiln No. l by way of the main tiring-liuc CL2, the central opening a, the radial channels a, and the inlet-passages a7, and after playing upon the saggars they pass into the ring-dues c4 by way of the openings and passages c2 c3. Assuming the said products to -be shut olf from the hardening-on chamber,they then pass down the vertical passages c6 into the under flue c7 and from thence into the inner iiue o8 of kiln No. 2, where they are again directed into the interior of this kiln in an upward direction. From this kiln No. 2 they pass into kiln No. 3 by way of the ringflues c4, the vertical passages c6, and the under flue c7 of kiln No. 2 and the inner scroll flue o8 of kiln No. 3, and so on through the series, each kiln having the products passed twice over its boundary surface-viz., top, bottom, and sides-and once inwardly and once outwardly.

It is to be understood that the kilns can be IOO shutoff from each other by the dampers at any time and the products passed into the chimney-flue and that the products from kiln No. 24 pass into the interior of kiln No. l in the same way as describedA in reference to kilns Nos. 1 and 2.

Vhen the hardening-on chambers are used, the vertical iues m2 are opened to the circular flue c5 and the products are allowed to pass therethrough.

It must be observed that although the inner scroll flue c8 is surrounded by its particular under flue c7 there is no direct communication, as each respectively receives the products from the preceding kiln and passes it on to the next in order.

Having now described the invention, what is claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is-

1. In continuous-firing kilns or ovens, the combination with adjacent kilns each having lues at the top, of under iiues c7 leading both to the chimney-flue and to the base of the next kiln, a vertical main iiring-lue CL2 for each kiln arranged centrally below the kiln and within the space occupied by said under lues, and vertical passages or iiues c6 arranged around the kilns in the walls thereof and leading from the said Iiues at the top of the kiln to the said under ues, substantially as described.

2. In continuous-firing kilns or ovens, the combination with adjacent kilns, of the vertical main ring-ilues CL2 each arranged cen- IIO trally below its kiln and leading directly thereto, under fines c7 arranged around the main firing-fine, scroll lues cs intermediate the main ring-flue and said under fines, and vertical passages c6 arranged around the kiln in the Walls thereof and leading from the top of a kiln to the under flues at its base, substantially as described.

3. In continuous-firing kilns or ovens, the combination with adjacent kilns, of the vertical main iring-flues d2 arranged centrally Within the kiln-bases and communicating With the kilns through central openings a9 in the kiln-Hoor coincident with said main firingflues, radiating channels d6 leading from the main firing-fines, vertically-inclined passages a7 leading from said radiating channels into the interior of the kiln at its sides, under ilues c7, arranged in the kiln-bases around the central main firing-flue, and vertical passages c arranged in the kiln-Walls and leading from the kiln-top to said under dues, substantially as described.

4. In continuousring kilns or ovens, the combination with adjacent kilns each having ring-flues c4 in its crown and provided at the" bottom With a central Vertical main tiringiiue r1.2, of the radiating channels d leading from said ues a2, vertically-inclined passages a7 leading from said channels into the kiln at the sides thereof, the under lues c7 arranged around the vertical main ilues a2, vertical passages eG leading from the top of the kiln through the lues c4 and communicating with thesaid under fines, the scroll iiues cS intermediate the under flues c7 and main flues d2 and the openings e9 between said scroll i'lues and radiating channels as, substantially as described.

5. In continuous-firing kilns or ovens, the combination with the kilns propenwhich have outlet-openings in their ceilings or crowns, of hardening-on secondary kilns or chambers m, which are in communication with the kilns proper, and which have vertical ilues Within their Walls and inlet and outlet passages closed by dampers, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MARK GLOVER MALPAS, Admnstram ofthe estate of Charles Jlalpas,

deceased.

V'Vitnesses:

MAY BUResTREssER, Svi/[Mns B. I-IU'rcHINsoN. 

